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Stress facilitates classical conditioning in males, but impairs classical conditioning in females through activational effects of ovarian hormones

机译：压力促进了男性的经典调理，但通过卵巢激素的激活作用削弱了女性的经典调理

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Exposure to restraint and brief intermittent tailshocks facilitates associative learning of the classical conditioned eyeblink response in male rats. Based on evidence of sex differences in learning and responses to stressful events, we investigated sexually dimorphic effects of a stressor of restraint and intermittent tailshock on classical eyeblink conditioning 24 h after stressor cessation. Our results indicate that exposure to the acute stressor had diametrically opposed effects on the rate of acquisition of the conditioned response in male vs. female rats. Exposure to the stressor facilitated acquisition of the conditioned response in males, whereas exposure to the same stressful event dramatically impaired acquisition in females. We further demonstrate that the stress-induced impairment in female conditioning is dependent on the presence of ovarian hormones. Conditioning of stressed sham-ovariectomized females was significantly impaired relative to the unstressed controls, whereas conditioning in stressed ovariectomized females was not impaired. We present additional evidence that estrogen mediates the stress-induced impairment in female acquisition. Females administered sesame oil vehicle and then stressed were significantly impaired relative to their unstressed controls, whereas females administered the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen prior to stress were not impaired. In summary, these results indicate that exposure to the same aversive event can induce opposite behavioral responses in males vs. females. These effects underscore sex differences in associative learning and emotional responding, and implicate estrogen in the underlying neuronal mechanism.
机译：暴露于克制的和短暂的间歇性尾巴有助于促进雄性大鼠经典条件性眨眼反应的联想学习。基于学习中的性别差异和对压力事件的反应的证据，我们研究了在应激源停止后24小时内，约束性和间歇性休克应激源对经典眨眼条件的性二态影响。我们的结果表明，暴露于急性应激源对雄性与雌性大鼠的条件反应获得率截然相反。暴露于应激源有助于男性获得条件性反应，而暴露于相同的应激事件则极大地损害了女性的适应性反应。我们进一步证明，女性调理中的压力诱导损伤取决于卵巢激素的存在。相对于未施加压力的对照，经假手术切除的雌性的条件明显受损，而经切除卵巢的雌性的条件并未受到损害。我们提供了额外的证据，表明雌激素在女性获得中介导了应激诱导的损伤。相对于未受压力的对照，服用芝麻油媒介物然后受压的女性明显受损，而受压之前施用雌激素拮抗剂他莫昔芬的女性则没有受损。总之，这些结果表明，暴露于相同的厌恶事件可以在男性和女性之间引发相反的行为反应。这些作用强调了联想学习和情感反应中的性别差异，并暗示雌激素参与了潜在的神经元机制。

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